Which hearing devices can receive which systems?

Why it matters

A venue system serves only the listeners whose devices can receive it, directly or through a receiver. The five technologies reach hearing aids, cochlear implants, phones and headphones by different routes¹, so the choice decides who can listen with their own device, who must borrow one, and which receivers and neckloops the venue needs.

What the evidence shows

The routes, system by system

HLAA's coupling chart sets out which ways of listening work with each venue system¹:

• A telecoil is the link for loops and neckloops. The chart notes that hearing aids and cochlear implants need a telecoil to receive a hearing loop or a neckloop connected to a receiver, and that Wi-Fi systems and streamers add latency that may be challenging in some situations¹.
• FM and infrared always need a receiver. A guide by Cynthia Compton-Conley of Gallaudet University, reprinted by HLAA, explains that telecoil users need no borrowed receiver in a looped room, while FM and infrared require every listener, with or without hearing aids, to borrow one².

Auracast

• Results depend on the pair. In Pro Audito's independent hall test of 53 rated pairs, with products lent free by manufacturers, a transmitter rated flawless with one receiver rated worst with another, and the reasons were unclear³.
• Some equipment is tied to one brand. At the firmware tested, two professional receivers only received their own brand's transmitters³. In a bench test by the maker of the broadcaster used, Nordic's development-kit sample software worked with none of the consumer receivers out of the box, while the author's company's broadcaster connected to them⁴.
• Firmware changes the answer. A compatibility problem with one earbud model was fixed by a firmware update, and one transmitter's latency rose by about 30 ms after an update³.
• First-generation implementations differ widely. A McMaster/SoundsGood Labs synopsis reports wide variation in latency across transmitter, hearing-aid and earbud combinations, and in output level across transmitter and earbud combinations; it gives neither a device count nor a funding statement⁵.
• Standard Quality is the common ground. Every broadcast receiver must decode 16 kHz and 24 kHz LC3 streams, while 48 kHz support is optional⁶; the Public Broadcast Profile calls these Standard Quality and High Quality, and a transmitter's announcement says which it carries⁷. Public transmitters must offer a Standard Quality stream and default to it⁸, and HLAA asks venues to confirm that one is configured⁹.
• 48 kHz streams may not reach hearing devices. The Center for Hearing Access states that 16 and 24 kHz streams work with hearing aids and cochlear implants and 48 kHz streams do not¹⁰, and two transmitter makers mark their 48 kHz setting as not, or typically not, supported by hearing aids^11,12. If a broadcast has no Standard Quality stream, the listener may need to ask for one to be turned on¹³.
• Mono down-mixing is optional. Receivers are not required to down-mix stereo to mono, so the SIG advises sending a separate mono stream where listeners may need mono¹⁴.
• Ready is not Enabled. Some hearing instruments have Auracast hardware but cannot yet connect ("Auracast Ready"); others can connect now ("Auracast Enabled")¹⁵. A Swiss list dated 31 August 2026 shows 20 of 27 hearing aid and implant product lines as Auracast capable and 7 as "ready"¹⁶.
• Phones are part of the chain. HLAA states that a phone or smartwatch is needed to select a stream⁹. Android support for joining broadcasts covered only select phones in Google's September 2025 list, and both the phone and the listening device must support LE Audio¹⁷. When a Galaxy phone shares its own broadcast, a switch labelled "Allow hearing aids to connect" must be on before hearing aid users can listen¹⁸.
• Listeners without Auracast use a receiver. HLAA says hearing devices without Auracast need a receiver with a neckloop or headphones⁹. RNID's Motability Foundation-funded report describes a March 2026 station test in which one of ten participants had Auracast in their hearing device; two used a loaned Android phone with a dongle receiver and the rest a loaned neckloop receiver with their telecoil. The manufacturer Ampetronic, which installed the transmitters, separately reported in July 2025 that it commissioned RNID trials there; the connection between that statement and the March 2026 test is unclear¹⁹.
• Hearing-device settings matter. In the same test, participants whose hearing devices had a telecoil-plus-microphone setting balanced the stream against surrounding sound more easily¹⁹; one hearing-aid maker lets wearers adjust that balance in its app²⁰.

Hearing loops

• A loop reaches telecoils, or a loop receiver. Without a telecoil, a listener needs a receiver with a streamer, headphones or earbuds¹, and the Access Board's courthouse committee lists receivers for people without telecoils among the drawbacks of loops²¹. The 2010 ADA Standards drop the requirement for hearing-aid-compatible receivers where a loop serves every seat²²; one maker's guide to the law notes that receivers are still required there²³.
• The telecoil must be switched on and set up. Consumer Reports says telecoils that switch on automatically work only with telephones, not with hearing loops²⁴. An audiologist reports that default telecoil settings vary widely between makers, that in one hearing aid the audiologist measured, the telecoil was 16.4 dB softer than the microphone until it was reprogrammed, and that a vertical telecoil suits room loops²⁵. In an NIH-funded university study of 52 behind-the-ear aids from one maker, with equipment provided by Frye Electronics, the default telecoil was about 15 dB quieter than the fitted microphone at 200 Hz and 6 dB at 400 Hz (coupler measurements). This telephone-listening study concerns the shared telecoil path; it did not test venue loops²⁶. In a study by the hearing aid maker GN with 18 listeners with hearing loss and 18 with normal hearing, the telecoil path of a hearing aid rolled off from about 300 Hz compared with the same aid's Auracast path²⁷.
• Users are often not shown the telecoil. In a survey of 243 loop users, mostly HLAA members, paid for by grants from loop, assistive listening and hearing-device technology companies, only 35% said their hearing care professional had demonstrated the telecoil when fitting their device²⁸.

Infrared and RF/FM

• Receivers for everyone. The chart shows no direct route from FM or infrared to a hearing device¹; venues usually lend infrared receivers, used with headphones or a neckloop²⁹. Under the 2010 ADA Standards, receivers have a 1/8 inch mono jack, and at least 25% of them (no fewer than two) must work with telecoils through neckloops²².
• Receivers from other makers. A 1999 report to the US Access Board said that infrared systems from different companies are not always compatible even on the same subcarrier, because they may differ in pre-processing and receiver characteristics, so a signal may be received and understood with less clarity; it said that with one maker's FM receiver and another's transmitter "complete compatibility may be questionable"³⁰. It recommended posting the FM frequencies and infrared subcarriers in use for people who bring their own receivers, and called for a "universal" receiver covering FM, infrared and loops³⁰. Later statements are more positive: the Access Board's 2006 courthouse committee describes infrared receivers as compatible with most infrared systems²¹, and one maker states that its infrared products work with other makers' systems on the same carrier frequencies³¹. Neither reports a test.

Wi-Fi streaming

• A phone, an app and a path to the ear. Listeners hear audio over Wi-Fi through an app on a phone or tablet, then by Bluetooth to hearing aids or implants, through a neckloop and telecoil, or on headphones^32,29; a Wi-Fi receiver with a neckloop, a streamer or headphones is the other route¹. The Center for Hearing Access notes that each maker has its own app and that hearing devices cannot use a "Mic + Wi-Fi" setting³³.
• Not everyone has a smartphone. IAHA, an industry association, notes that a significant share of the people concerned have none³². In an independent 2025 survey of 5,022 US adults by Pew Research Center, whose primary funder is The Pew Charitable Trusts, 78% of adults aged 65 and older owned a smartphone; it gives no breakdown by hearing loss³⁴.
• The Bluetooth leg depends on the hearing aid and the phone. Of the Bluetooth hearing aid models on the market in 2021, 61% supported Apple's MFi (a third of them also Google's ASHA) and 19% used Bluetooth Classic only, and MFi works only with iPhones³⁵. In the MarkeTrak 2022 survey, supported by the Hearing Industries Association, 44% of 815 recent hearing aid owners said they could stream directly from a smartphone³⁶.
• Bluetooth adds delay. Listen Technologies lists possible extra latency with Bluetooth devices among the disadvantages of Wi-Fi systems²³. Sennheiser's data sheet says its Wi-Fi system supports hearing aids and cochlear implants and gives the app's latency as "40-60 ms on average", without saying for which listening path³⁷, while its app listing advises wired headphones or induction ear hooks "To avoid audio delay through Bluetooth"³⁸. In pilot work for an AGE-WELL-funded concert study of 28 listeners, with hearing aids and fittings supplied by Sonova Canada, a path from Wi-Fi to a phone to hearing aids had about 350 ms of latency³⁹.
• Loaned phones. Sennheiser recommends providing the receivers the ADA requires as venue phones with the app installed, plus neckloops or wired headphones⁴⁰.

Telecoils: how many devices have one

• Fewer models, and owners often unsure. 59% of the prescription hearing aid models listed in the 2026 Consumer's Guide to Hearing Aids had a manual telecoil, against 79% in 2016, and over-the-counter aids typically lack one²⁴; a German researcher's 2013 count of 860 hearing aids on the German market found almost two-thirds with a telecoil or able to take one⁴¹; the FDA declined to require telecoils in over-the-counter aids, citing size, cost and innovation⁴². In the industry's own surveys, 24% of 887 recent US owners in the Hearing Industries Association-commissioned MarkeTrak 2025, fielded in late 2024, said that their hearing aid has a telecoil and 29% were unsure⁴³, and 63% of 718 UK owners in the EHIMA/BIHIMA-commissioned EuroTrak survey did not know whether theirs has one⁴⁴. These figures count models or owners' answers, not the devices in use^24,44; the question How many listeners carry a telecoil, an Auracast-capable device or a smartphone? sets them out in full.

Neckloops

• The route for hearing-aid-compatible receivers. Under the 2010 ADA Standards and ICC A117.1, receivers that must be hearing-aid compatible work with telecoils through neckloops^22,45.
• Quality varies. In Pro Audito's independent September 2026 bench test of six neckloops on a dummy head, many lost the high frequencies (2 to 4 kHz) that matter most for speech⁴⁶. The Center for Hearing Access advises ordering neckloops from the receiver's maker, because a mismatched one can be too weak for the telecoil and distort at higher volume⁴⁷. IAHA says neckloops should give a signal meeting IEC 60118-4 when measured as IEC 62489-1 specifies³², and that standard includes a test jig for neck loops⁴⁸.
• Interference reaches neckloop users too. Telecoils pick up electromagnetic interference, which also affects neckloop users of FM and infrared².
• Neckloops go unused or unoffered. In a self-selected survey of 1,519 people, mostly seniors and two-thirds with severe-to-profound loss, run by a committee of hearing-loss advocates, among them the loop advocates Stephen O. Frazier (its chair), Juliëtte Sterkens and David Myers (funding not stated), only 39% always or usually borrow the equipment where a venue offers a neckloop; complaints included neckloops that did not work or were not offered⁴⁹.

Cochlear implants and bone-conduction processors

• Telecoil access varies by processor. The Center for Hearing Access lists a built-in telecoil in Advanced Bionics' Naída CI Marvel (once the audiologist enables it) and MED-EL's Sonnet 2 and a telecoil program in Cochlear's Nucleus 8, but accessories or adaptors for Cochlear's Kanso and Baha 6 and MED-EL's Sonnet 3, Rondo 3 and Samba⁵⁰. A Swiss list shows the two bone-conduction implants it covers with telecoil access only through an accessory¹⁶.
• No cochlear implant processor listed receives Auracast yet. All three cochlear implant processors on that list are marked "ready", not capable, while the two bone-conduction implants it lists are marked Auracast capable¹⁶. MED-EL said in April 2025 that its processors cannot receive Auracast directly, so users need a third-party receiver cabled to an AudioLink accessory⁵¹, and Cochlear says a firmware update will let the Nucleus 8 connect to LE Audio devices but gives no date⁵².
• Children. A 2026 University of São Paulo scoping review, supported by FAPESP and a PIBIC scholarship and covering 17 documents through April 2025, notes that Auracast-enabled hearing aids were not then available in product lines for children⁵³.

Where sources disagree

Advocates and transmitter makers say hearing aids do not, or typically do not, receive 48 kHz Auracast streams^10,11,12, and HLAA says a transmitter that broadcasts only High Quality will not work with hearing devices⁹. One hearing-aid maker states that its 2026 model receives both High and Standard Quality streams²⁰. The specification makes 48 kHz optional for receivers, not excluded⁶.

Sennheiser's data sheet says its Wi-Fi system supports hearing aids and cochlear implants, and IAHA lists Bluetooth among the ways to connect^37,32, while Sennheiser's app listing and Listen's white paper warn of Bluetooth delay^38,23. None of them gives a measured delay for each listening path.

The 1999 report to the Access Board said that infrared receivers from different makers are not always compatible on the same subcarrier³⁰; the 2006 courthouse committee describes infrared receivers as compatible with most systems, and one maker says its products work with other makers' systems on the same carriers, without citing tests^21,31.

The Center for Hearing Access opens its page by saying all cochlear implants and bone-conduction devices have telecoils, while its own list, and Pro Audito's, show several processors that reach a telecoil only through an accessory or adaptor^50,16.

A maker's guide to the ADA repeats that about 80% of hearing aids dispensed in the US have telecoils, citing a local HLAA chapter's web page²³. Recent counts of models give 54% (2021) and 59% (2026)^35,24, and owners' own reports are lower still^43,44; the figures measure different things.

Device lists and test results also go out of date with each firmware release^3,15,16.

What would settle it

• A regularly updated, independent compatibility matrix by firmware version, covering Auracast transmitters, receivers, hearing aids and implant processors, and infrared and FM receivers from different makers; the only assessment of infrared receivers across makers cited here dates from 1999³⁰.
• Conformance requirements for Auracast receivers, such as those expected in IEC 60118-17⁵⁴.
• Counts of the hearing devices in use that have a telecoil switched on and programmed, or working Auracast, in place of counts of models and owners' self-reports^24,43.
• Independent measurements of the delay on each Wi-Fi listening path (Bluetooth, neckloop, headphones) across phones; the figures cited here are a maker's own or come from a pilot^37,39.

Planning while it is open

• Keep a Standard Quality (16 or 24 kHz) Auracast stream on^8,9.
• Where listeners may need mono, send a separate mono stream¹⁴.
• Provide receivers for listeners whose devices cannot receive the system directly, including where a loop serves every seat, with the hearing-aid-compatible share the applicable rules set^22,23,9.
• Test loan receivers, with the neckloops they will be used with, on the venue's own transmitters before buying, and do not assume that infrared or FM receivers from another maker will work as well^3,30.
• Post the FM frequencies or infrared subcarriers in use, for people who bring their own receivers³⁰.
• Choose neckloops with a measured, flat high-frequency response that suit the receivers they will be used with^46,47.
• With a Wi-Fi system, offer a listening path that avoids Bluetooth delay, such as wired headphones or a neckloop, for example on venue phones with the app installed^38,40.
• Expect some implant users to need a loan receiver or their own add-on receiver, because not all processors have a built-in telecoil or receive Auracast directly^50,51,16.
• Count Auracast Ready hearing devices as able to join only once their update has shipped¹⁵.
• For hearing professionals: switch on the telecoil program and check it against the microphone program, programming it to match the prescribed microphone response as a starting point^25,26, and demonstrate both telecoil and Bluetooth features⁵⁵.
• For listeners choosing a hearing device: advocates and the experts Consumer Reports quotes advise a model with both a telecoil and Auracast^9,24,56.
• Record transmitter and receiver firmware at handover, so results can be compared after updates³.

Sources

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35. Trends in Audio Streaming for Hearing Aids and Hearing Aid Compatibility for Wireless Phones. Kozma-Spytek L. HearingTracker, 22 July 2022. Independent (analysis prepared to inform the ATIS Hearing Aid Compatibility Task Force by Linda Kozma-Spytek, whose author note describes the author as a technology consultant to HLAA and an investigator at Gallaudet University's DHH Tech RERC; data from HearingTracker's product database, provided by its CEO Abram Bailey; published by HearingTracker, a consumer hearing aid site that carries advertising) ↩︎ https://www.hearingtracker.com/news/trends-in-audio-streaming-for-hearing-aids
36. Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction Results from the MarkeTrak 2022 Survey: Importance of Features and Hearing Care Professionals. Picou EM. Seminars in Hearing 43(4):301-316 (Thieme), 1 December 2022. Trade body (MarkeTrak is supported by the Hearing Industries Association, the US hearing aid industry's association; the issue editorial identifies guest editor Thomas Powers with Powers Consulting, not HIA; the author, of Vanderbilt University Medical Center, declares no conflicts of interest) ↩︎ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9715311/
37. System Specification (V1.2): MobileConnect Assistive Listening. Sennheiser. Sennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG, 2023. Manufacturer (Sennheiser, maker of the MobileConnect Wi-Fi system) ↩︎ https://assets.sennheiser.com/download/assets/MobileConnect_System_Specification_v1.2_EN.pdf/ea3cf3b2e7b711f097eaea55b5d2fb86
38. Sennheiser MobileConnect (App Store listing, version 6.3.1). Sennheiser. Apple App Store (seller: Sennheiser electronic SE & Co. KG), 4 May 2026. Manufacturer (Sennheiser, maker of the MobileConnect Wi-Fi system; the listing and its privacy label are written by the developer) ↩︎ https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sennheiser-mobileconnect/id848127271
39. Evaluating a hearing loop implementation for live orchestral music. McWeeny S, Trainor LJ, Armstrong S, Bosnyak D, Tawfik H, Bruce IC. Ear and Hearing 46(3):808-816, 27 January 2025. Independent (McMaster University; AGE-WELL Canada grant); in-kind hearing aids and fittings from Sonova Canada ↩︎ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39868727/
40. MobileConnect ADA Compliancy Statement. Sennheiser Streaming Technologies GmbH. Sennheiser, June 2021. Manufacturer (Sennheiser, maker of the MobileConnect Wi-Fi system) ↩︎ https://www.sennheiser.com/globalassets/digizuite/41165-en-mobileconnect_ada_compliancy_statement.pdf
41. Induktive Höranlagen – internationale Trends und aktuelle Normung (Induction loop systems: international trends and current standards). Seidler H. Fortschritte der Akustik – DAGA 2014 (annual conference of the German Acoustical Society, Oldenburg), pages 294-295, March 2014. Independent (Hannes Seidler, ENT clinic of the medical faculty, TU Dresden; funding not stated) ↩︎ https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAGA_2014/data/articles/000138.pdf
42. Medical Devices; Ear, Nose, and Throat Devices; Establishing Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids (final rule, 87 FR 50698). US Food and Drug Administration. Federal Register, Vol. 87, No. 158, 17 August 2022. Government (US Food and Drug Administration) ↩︎ https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/08/17/2022-17230/medical-devices-ear-nose-and-throat-devices-establishing-over-the-counter-hearing-aids
43. MarkeTrak 2025: Hearing Aids in the Age of OTCs and Wearables. Sobek Dobyan B, Powers TA. Hearing Review 32(4):8-14 (July/August 2025 issue), 13 August 2025. Trade body (MarkeTrak is commissioned by the Hearing Industries Association, the US hearing aid industry's association; the first author is HIA's executive director and the second runs a consultancy serving the hearing health industry) ↩︎ https://hearingreview.com/inside-hearing/research/marketrak-2025-hearing-aids-in-the-age-of-otcs-and-wearables
44. EuroTrak UK 2025. Anovum. European Hearing Instrument Manufacturers Association (EHIMA), 2025. Trade body (commissioned by EHIMA and BIHIMA, the European and British-Irish hearing instrument manufacturers' associations; designed, fielded and analysed by the research firm Anovum with a panel company, and EHIMA approved the questionnaire) ↩︎ https://www.ehima.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/EuroTrak_UK_2025.pdf
45. ICC A117.1-2017 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, Section 706 Assistive Listening Systems. International Code Council. International Code Council (ICC Digital Codes), 2017. Standards body (International Code Council) ↩︎ https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/icca117-12017/chapter-7-communication-elements-and-features
46. Which inductive neck loops are suitable for Auracast/FM/IR receivers?. Pro Audito Schweiz. Pro Audito Schweiz; English reprint by the Center for Hearing Access, 8 September 2026. Independent (Pro Audito Schweiz, Swiss hearing-loss association) ↩︎ https://centerforhearingaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/Pro-Audito-Schweiz-Which-inductive-neck-loops-are-suitable-for-AuracastFMIR-receivers.pdf
47. Infrared (IR) Assistive Listening Systems. Center for Hearing Access. Center for Hearing Access, The John G. Shedd Institute, undated (read 9 October 2026). Nonprofit advocacy (Center for Hearing Access, an initiative of The John G. Shedd Institute for the Arts; it states that it accepts no donations from hearing-related vendors) ↩︎ https://centerforhearingaccess.org/infrared/
48. IEC 62489-1:2010+AMD1:2014+AMD2:2017 Electroacoustics - Audio-frequency induction loop systems for assisted hearing - Part 1: Methods of measuring and specifying the performance of system components. IEC TC 29 (Electroacoustics). International Electrotechnical Commission, 27 November 2017. Standards body (International Electrotechnical Commission; the full text is sold, and only the abstract and a preview are public) ↩︎ https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/62119
49. Consumer use of and preferences for assistive communication technology in public places. Committee for Communication Access in America (Frazier SO, Bailey A, Cadwell B, Clifford C, Liebe K, Myers D, Sterkens J). Committee for Communication Access in America, 8 January 2024. Nonprofit advocacy (an ad hoc committee of hearing-loss advocates, chaired by Stephen O. Frazier (Loop New Mexico; a founding member of HLAA's Get in the Hearing Loop initiative), the report's correspondence author; funding not stated; data collected and analysed by the Frost Center for Data and Social Research at Hope College. The committee's site lists David Myers (founder of hearingloop.org) and Juliette Sterkens (HLAA hearing loop advocate) among its members, with Abram Bailey (founder of HearingTracker), Blake Cadwell (founder and CEO of Soundly), Kevin Liebe (hearinghealthmatters.org) and Carol Clifford (audiologist, former ReSound training director)) ↩︎ https://www.ccaa.name/Report_Final_1-12-24.pdf
50. Using Telecoils in Your Cochlear Implant & Bone Anchored Devices. Center for Hearing Access (The John G. Shedd Institute). Center for Hearing Access, undated (read 9 October 2026). Nonprofit advocacy (Center for Hearing Access, a 501(c)(3) advocacy and education initiative of The John G. Shedd Institute for the Arts, founded in 2024; it states that it accepts no donations from hearing-related vendors) ↩︎ https://centerforhearingaccess.org/how-use-telecoils-ci/
51. Can Cochlear Implants Receive Auracast Broadcasts?. MED-EL. The MED-EL Blog, 2 April 2025. Manufacturer (MED-EL) ↩︎ https://blog.medel.com/technology/can-cochlear-implants-receive-auracast-broadcasts/
52. Nucleus 8 Sound Processor (product page). Cochlear. Cochlear US website, undated (read 9 October 2026). Manufacturer (Cochlear) ↩︎ https://www.cochlear.com/us/en/home/products-and-accessories/cochlear-nucleus-system/nucleus-sound-processors/nucleus-8
53. Auracast and hearing devices: a scoping review on connectivity and accessibility for individuals with hearing loss in public environments. Gonçalves LM, Ortega AVM, Angelo TCS, Moret ALM, Lopes NBF, Jacob RTS. CoDAS 38(4):e20250241 (University of São Paulo), 6 July 2026. Independent (University of São Paulo; FAPESP grant and a PIBIC scholarship) ↩︎ https://www.scielo.br/j/codas/a/B6cCLqxHb3XwKcLPLtZfZ6p/?lang=en
54. IEC 60118-17 (in preparation): assistive listening system for hearing aid users based on 2.4 GHz audio streaming. IEC TC 29 WG 13. International Electrotechnical Commission, undated (read 13 October 2026). Standards body (International Electrotechnical Commission) ↩︎ https://tc29.iec.ch/tc-activity/standards-under-preparation/
55. Position statement on Auracast and telecoils. European Federation of Hard of Hearing People (EFHOH). EFHOH, 18 October 2024. Nonprofit advocacy (European federation; EFHOH states that its 2024-2026 publications are co-funded by the EU CERV programme) ↩︎ https://efhoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/EFHOH-position-statement-on-concerns-about-withdrawal-from-telecoils-FINAL97.pdf
56. Telecoil and Auracast functionalities should be standard requirements for hearing aids and other hearing devices eligible for public health procurement. European Federation of Hard of Hearing People (EFHOH). EFHOH (position adopted by its members at the 2026 Annual General Meeting), 18 April 2026. Nonprofit advocacy (European federation; EFHOH states that its 2024-2026 publications are co-funded by the EU CERV programme) ↩︎ https://efhoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/EFHOH-Motion-Telecoil-and-Auracast-functionalities.pdf

Change log

• 10 October 2026Published with 56 sources.
• 13 October 2026Added study and survey samples, funding and limits on shared-path evidence; distinguished the station report's funding from a maker's commissioning statement.
• 13 October 2026Corrected the hall-test pair count and clarified equipment provision, survey support and Pew’s institutional funding.
• 14 October 2026Prepared a table-linked evidence block for owner review; the block remains unpublished.
• 14 October 2026Added Evidence at a glance, drawn from the data tables.

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