Assistive Listening Knowledge Base
  • Peer-reviewed study

Evaluation of BLE-based audio broadcasting under probabilistic interference

From https://assistivelisteningknowledgebase.org/evidence/baert-2024/ · record checked 13 October 2026

  • Baert M, Moons B, Pittevils J, Song Y, Madhu N, Hoebeke J
  • Computer Communications 222:130-140

Independent (Ghent University and imec; funding from imec and Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship; co-author Jowan Pittevils is affiliated with manufacturer Cochlear)

Summary

Simulates a Bluetooth LE broadcast exposed to interference, with audio-frame retransmissions, and evaluates how well packet loss concealment hides lost frames.

Key findings

  • More advanced packet loss concealment techniques tolerated a higher frame-loss rate.
  • Large audio frames that must be split across packets lost more frames for the same Bluetooth packet loss rate.
  • Overlap with Wi-Fi (802.11) channels in use made frame loss vary widely.
  • The accepted manuscript lists Jowan Pittevils under Cochlear on its title page. Its Acknowledgments attribute funding to the imec.icon BLE2AV project, financed by imec and Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship; a manufacturer affiliation is not evidence of manufacturer funding.
  • The manuscript author block lists Jowan Pittevils at Cochlear; the acknowledgments name the imec.icon BLE2AV project, financed by imec and Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship. Sections 6 and 7 evaluate simulated losses using 20 speech recordings, not a listener sample.

Limits

Simulation of interference patterns, not field measurements. The archived accepted manuscript was read; its footer identifies a preprint submitted in June 2023. The final 2024 publisher text was not available for comparison. Audio quality and intelligibility were predicted using instrumental measures, without listener testing.

Read the original

www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140366424001634

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Cited in

Cite this source

Baert M, Moons B, Pittevils J, Song Y, Madhu N, Hoebeke J. Evaluation of BLE-based audio broadcasting under probabilistic interference. Computer Communications 222:130-140. June 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140366424001634 (accessed 13 October 2026).

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